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ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 01:55:11 2011

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This damning article, IMHO, points out the many flaws of "teaching to the test" - substandard education and an increased temptation to fudge numbers; the article reveals that incidents like this one are widespread, but nothing as major as this. As a tutor for over 7 years, I've become quite passionate about education and anyone who knows my style knows I try to impart understanding of subject matter, not a mere exposition on "how to get the solution." That's why I detest education "reform" that results in curricula designed specifically to pass certain standardized tests (IMHO it results in a watering down of subject matter, making it harder for students to truly understand); further, such handicaps our students and ill equips them for the real challenges that they must face.

Anyway, enough of my mini-rant...link here, story (with emphasis added by me) below:

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America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

At least 178 teachers and principals in Atlanta Public Schools cheated to raise student scores on high-stakes standardized tests, according to a report from the Georgia Bureau of Investigation.

By Patrik Jonsson, Staff writer
posted July 5, 2011 at 5:37 pm EDT

ATLANTA - Award-winning gains by Atlanta students were based on widespread cheating by 178 named teachers and principals, said Georgia Gov. Nathan Deal on Tuesday. His office released a report from the Georgia Bureau of Investigation that names 178 teachers and principals – 82 of whom confessed – in what's likely the biggest cheating scandal in US history.

This appears to be the largest of dozens of major cheating scandals, unearthed across the country. The allegations point an ongoing problem for US education, which has developed an ever-increasing dependence on standardized tests.

The report on the Atlanta Public Schools, released Tuesday, indicates a "widespread" conspiracy by teachers, principals and administrators to fix answers on the Criterion-Referenced Competency Test (CRCT), punish whistle-blowers, and hide improprieties.

It "confirms our worst fears," says Mayor Kasim Reed. "There is no doubt that systemic cheating occurred on a widespread basis in the school system." The news is “absolutely devastating," said Brenda Muhammad, chairwoman of the Atlanta school board. "It’s our children. You just don’t cheat children.”

On its face, the investigation tarnishes the 12-year tenure of Superintendent Beverly Hall, who was named US Superintendent of the Year in 2009 largely because of the school system's reported gains – especially in inner-city schools. She has not been directly implicated, but investigators said she likely knew, or should have known, what was going on. In her farewell address to teachers in June, Hall for the first time acknowledged wrongdoing in the district, but blamed other administrators.

The Atlanta cheating scandal also offers the first most comprehensive view yet into a growing number of teacher-cheating allegations across the US, reports of which reached a rate of two to three a week in June, says Robert Schaeffer, a spokesman for the National Center for Fair & Open Testing, which advocates against high-stakes testing.

It's also a tacit indictment, critics say, of politicians putting all bets for improving education onto high-stakes tests that punish and reward students, teachers, and principals for test scores.

"When test scores are all that matter, some educators feel pressured to get the scores they need by hook or by crook," says Mr. Schaeffer. "The higher the stakes, the greater the incentive to manipulate, to cheat."

Cheating in Atlanta Public Schools

The 55,000-student Atlanta public school system rose in national prominence during the 2000s, as test scores steadily rose and the district received notice and funding from the Broad Foundation and the Gates Foundation. But behind that rise, the state found, were teachers and principals in 44 schools erasing and changing test answers.

One of the most troubling aspects of the Atlanta cheating scandal, says the report, is that the district repeatedly refused to properly investigate or take responsibility for the cheating. Moreover, the central office told some principals not to cooperate with investigators. In one case, an administrator instructed employees to tell investigators to "go to hell." When teachers tried to alert authorities, they were labeled "disgruntled." One principal opened an ethics investigation against a whistle-blower.

Investigations by the Atlanta Journal-Constitution (AJC) and state investigators found a pattern consistent with other cheating scandals: a spike in test scores in one critical grade would be followed by an equally dramatic drop the next year. A USA Today investigation in March found that erasure data in six states and the District of Columbia showed these "abnormal patterns," according to testing expert Thomas Haladyna at Arizona State University.

The Atlanta testing allegations led to the first major law enforcement investigation of teacher cheating. Scandals in other states have typically been investigated by state officials. In response to recent teacher cheating allegations in Baltimore, Michael Sarbanes, the district's community engagement director, told District Management Journal, an industry publication for school administrators, that manipulating a test is "inherent in human nature, [although] we think people who do that are outliers."

The high stakes for teachers

Ten states now use test scores as the main criterion in teacher evaluations. Other states reward high-scoring teachers with up to $25,000 bonuses – while low scores could result in principals losing their jobs or entire schools closing. Even as the number of scandals grows, experts say it remains fairly easy for teachers and principals to get away with ethical lapses.

"I think the broadest issue in the [Atlanta scandal] raises is why many school districts and states continue to have high-stakes testing without rigorous auditing or security procedures," says Brian Jacob, director of the Center on Local, State and Urban Policy at the University of Michigan. "In some sense, this is one of the least worrisome problems in public education, because it's fairly easy to fix. The more difficult and troubling behavior would be teaching to the test, which we think of as a lesser form of test manipulation, but which is much harder to detect, and could warp the education process in ways that we wouldn't like."

In response to cheating scandals, some states and school districts have instituted tougher test-auditing standards, employing software that analyzes erasure rates and patterns. Meanwhile, the Obama administration is reforming NCLB to reduce pressure on teachers and principals. Education Secretary Arne Duncan said in June that NCLB “is creating a slow-motion train wreck for children, parents, and teachers.” On the other hand, an Obama administration proposal – to pay bonuses to teachers who improve test scores in their classes – may shift the stakes without lowering them.

"The [Atlanta] teachers, principals and administrators wanted to prove that the faith of the Broad and Gates Foundations and the Chamber of Commerce in the district was not misplaced and that APS could rewrite the script of urban education in America and provide a happy, or at least a happier, ending for its students," writes the AJC's education columnist, Maureen Downey.

"And that’s what ought to alarm us," adds Ms. Downey, "that these professionals ultimately felt their students could not even pass basic competency tests, despite targeted school improvement plans, proven reforms, and state-of-the-art teacher training."

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Discuss.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Dan on Thu Jul 7 12:06:51 2011, in response to ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 01:55:11 2011.

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I wonder if the NYC schools will be faced with a similar scandal? I hear many NYC teachers complaining about "teaching for the test". I'm glad I was educated in the Catholic schools.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by The Flxible Neofan on Thu Jul 7 13:52:50 2011, in response to ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 01:55:11 2011.

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Shocking and disappointing to see something happen on such a large scale, but I don't believe it's that surprising.

I wonder what other ways there are to determine the quality of teaching a school provides outside of standardized tests. Even graduation rates can be innaccurate.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 16:13:47 2011, in response to ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 01:55:11 2011.

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It's not teaching to the test that's the problem. They are trying to turn lead into gold. The crux of NCLB and the current educational policy in America is to improve the performance of black and brown students, getting them to perform like white students. Every flavor of the month hare-brained scheme has been tried to do this, and not surprisingly, they have all failed, and will continue to do so. If you ask teachers to do an impossible task and tie their jobs to it, this is the result.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 16:14:20 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by The Flxible Neofan on Thu Jul 7 13:52:50 2011.

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Again, testing is not the problem...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 17:03:47 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by The Flxible Neofan on Thu Jul 7 13:52:50 2011.

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"I wonder what other ways there are to determine the quality of teaching a school provides outside of standardized tests."

NOT having standardized tests. Here in Flanders, Belgium, we don't have standardized tests in high school. Teachers get a curriculum (which over here is the minimum they should teach, they are free to teach more), and they themselves make the tests. There are obviously guidelines as to what the tests should look like, and the teacher has to be able to show it is a representative test of the curriculum, but other than that, he or she chooses what questions are asked, and how they are asked.

That gives a lot of freedom to the teachers, and while there are potential pitfalls, in reality the result is that most teachers make tests that are considerably harder than any standardized test, more specific, and focus much more on understanding than on 'ticking the right box' (hardly any of the tests are multiple choice, btw). The level of teaching also goes up, as teachers now have something to prove. One of the results is that, when Flemish students do take part in international standardized tests, they tend to score among the best.

As for how the level is 'checked'? Schools get a thorough screening from the ministry of education every few years. They go through students' textbooks and notes (from the current and the last few years) as well as their tests, interview students and teachers, etc., to see if the school performs as it should. A school that's not up to standard will get a limited amount of time to set things straight, and if it doesn't, will lose funding and thus be forced to close.

Other than that, an even better way in which quality is kept in check is simply through competition: parents are completely free to choose their children's school. A school that underperforms (something that travels quickly through word of mouth) will therefore lose students and ultimately, if it doesn't turn things around, go out of business.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 17:16:57 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 17:03:47 2011.

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This is not horribly generalizable to the U.S., and really, has nothing to do with the problem here in the States, which is, the lower IQ's of black and brown people.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 17:37:44 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 17:16:57 2011.

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Wow. Just.. wow.

OK, explain this to me: when Belgian kids (WHITE ones!), who have lived in the U.S. for a few years and have gone to high school there, and who often were among the best of their class in the US, come back to Belgium, they invariably seriously lag behind their peers in every subject but English and PE. Oh, and since these are usually sons and daughters of diplomants, managers, or other people in high positions, they did NOT go to ghetto schools with lots of minorities.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 17:41:38 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Dan on Thu Jul 7 12:06:51 2011.

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Not sure; wouldn't be surprised if some level of cheating was uncovered though. This NYDN article (though nearly two years old) gives some alarming statistics concerning the readiness of NYC HS grads for college-level work. Anecdotally, I'd say the quality of education at the middle school level has also dropped; my lil' bro is in a gifted class at his school and it seems they get too many exams and too few HWs (not to mention the difficulty of such assignments being far less than those of the gifted classes I was in when I was in middle school...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 18:06:43 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 17:37:44 2011.

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I would like to see some more information about this phenomenon before I could speculate on its causes. Do you have some evidence of this?

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 18:24:23 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 16:13:47 2011.

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It's not teaching to the test that's the problem.

I disagree that it's not a problem, though I do acknowledge it isn't the only problem...

The crux of NCLB and the current educational policy in America is to improve the performance of black and brown students, getting them to perform like white students.

I assume you're talking about average performance among the races here, given that there are gifted members in each race? In any case, I have my own reservations with NCLB (one of which I made very clear - emphasis on standardized testing and the lowering of standards). I don't know if the lowering of standards is designed to "inflate" improvements among inner city/minority students but I'm against that regardless. Education shouldn't be bastardized, nor should the subjects taught be "modified" due to concern that certain students won't be able to "hang."

While somewhat unrelated, I'm also against affirmative action since I feel it may "cheapen" the accomplishments of minorities who have demonstrated the ability to hang academically and/or professionally.

If you ask teachers to do an impossible task and tie their jobs to it, this is the result.

Agreed - which is why I feel that education curricula should not be tailored solely for standardized testing. If students aren't able to understand or at least try to understand material, regardless of how it's presented, it will be difficult to save them from failure. I've seen this myself in my tutoring; students who come just for "answers to class/HW questions" often do worse in their respective classes than those who try to make sense of the material in front of them.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 18:41:47 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by The Flxible Neofan on Thu Jul 7 13:52:50 2011.

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About graduation rates: depends on the methodology used. If the methodology varies from school to school and/or district to district, it may be hard to compare the stats directly...that doesn't necessarily mean the rates are inaccurate.

Of course, given the propensity of certain districts to fudge numbers (as the article shows), one must take care to verify that they indeed are accurate...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 18:53:42 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 18:24:23 2011.

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Yes, obviously I'm talking about the average performance of the different races. I have reservations about teaching to the test, namely that it distracts from other useful subjects based on a ridiculous premise. That said, I don't have a problem with testing per se—I do have a problem of making testing king. Testing should be used as only an information-gathering device and not something that has consequences as it does now (holding school districts responsible for the quality of students they're given). I don't believe educational curricula should be identical, however a certain level of standardization (the "Three Rs" for example) should be in play.

Of course, affirmative action should be eliminated for just the reason you describe. It does no one any favors in this day and age.

I've seen this myself in my tutoring; students who come just for "answers to class/HW questions" often do worse in their respective classes than those who try to make sense of the material in front of them.

I will say that this is an IQ thing. What you describe here is the difference between smart students and dumb ones.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by salaamallah@hotmail.com on Thu Jul 7 18:54:46 2011, in response to ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 01:55:11 2011.

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i would not expect nothing better from atlanta

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 19:25:50 2011, in response to ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 01:55:11 2011.

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Here's a thorough examination of why one of the basic foundations to your complaint—that overemphasis on high-stakes standardized tests undercuts students ability to think—is false. Put you simply, you can't learn how to think abstractly—either you do or you don't. That determination is pretty much the definition of IQ.

http://medicalhypotheses.blogspot.com/2009/07/replacing-education-with-psychometrics.html



Bruce G Charlton

Replacing education with psychometrics: How learning about IQ almost-completely changed my mind about education.



Medical Hypotheses. 2009; 73: 273-277

***

Summary

I myself am a prime example of the way in which ignorance of IQ leads to a distorted understanding of education (and many other matters). I have been writing on the subject of education – especially higher education, science and medical education – for about 20 years, but now believe that many of my earlier ideas were wrong for the simple reason that I did not know about IQ. Since discovering the basic facts about IQ, several of my convictions have undergone a U-turn. Just how radically my ideas were changed has been brought home by two recent books: Real Education by Charles Murray and Spent by Geoffrey Miller. Since IQ and personality are substantially hereditary and rankings (although not absolute levels) are highly stable throughout a persons adult life, this implies that differential educational attainment within a society is mostly determined by heredity and therefore not by differences in educational experience. This implies that education is about selection more than enhancement, and educational qualifications mainly serve to ‘signal’ or quantify a person’s hereditary attributes. So education mostly functions as an extremely slow, inefficient and imprecise form of psychometric testing. It would therefore be easy to construct a modern educational system that was both more efficient and more effective than the current one. I now advocate a substantial reduction in the average amount of formal education and the proportion of the population attending higher education institutions. At the age of about sixteen each person could leave school with a set of knowledge-based examination results demonstrating their level of competence in a core knowledge curriculum; and with usefully precise and valid psychometric measurements of their general intelligence and personality (especially their age ranked degree of Conscientiousness). However, such change would result in a massive down-sizing of the educational system and this is a key underlying reason why IQ has become a taboo subject. Miller suggests that academics at the most expensive, elite, intelligence-screening universities tend to be sceptical of psychometric testing; precisely because they do not want to be undercut by cheaper, faster, more-reliable IQ and personality evaluations.

***

Introduction

It was only in early 2007 that I began properly to engage, for the first time in my professional career, with the literature on IQ. Surprisingly, this engagement had been stimulated by a book of economic history. And learning the basic facts about IQ rapidly changed my views on many things, none more so than education.

Just how radically my ideas about education were changed by learning about IQ has been brought home by two recent books: Real Education By Charles Murray [1] and Spent by Geoffrey Miller [2]. In line with analyses of Murray and Miller, I would now repudiate many of my previous opinions on the subject, and advocate a substantial reduction in the average amount of formal education and the proportion of the population attending higher education. In general, I now believe that many years of formal education can and should be substantially (but not entirely!) replaced with ‘psychometric’ measures of intelligence and personality as a basis for evaluating career potential.

In this article I use my own experience as a case study of the potentially-disruptive influence of psychometric knowledge, and discuss further the reasons why basic IQ facts have been so effectively concealed, confused and denied by mainstream elite intellectual opinion in the UK and USA.

The importance of IQ

I have been writing on the subject of education for about 20 years (especially on higher education, science and medical education), but I now believe that much of what I wrote was wrong for the simple reason that I did not know about IQ. Personality traits are important in a similar way to IQ, however personality measurement is currently less reliable and valid than IQ testing, and less-well quantified.

In the early 2000s I argued that modern formal education should be directed primarily at inculcating the ability to think abstractly and systematically [3] and that therefore the structure and not the specific content of education was critical (although ‘science’ – broadly defined – was likely to be the best basis for this type of education [4]). I suggested that higher education should be regarded as a non-vocational process, in which most degrees are modular, and modules were optional and multi-disciplinary, so that each student would assemble their own degree program in a minimally-constrained, ‘pick and mix’ fashion [5]. I also contended that since abstract systemizing cognition was so essential to modernizing societies, a major aim of social reform should be to include as many people as possible in formal education for as long as possible [6].

All of these views I would now regard as mistaken – and the reason is mostly my new understanding of IQ [7], [8], [9] and [10]. Miller concisely explains the basic facts about IQ:

“General intelligence (a.k.a. IQ, general cognitive ability, the g factor) is a way of quantifying intelligence’s variability among people. It is the best-established, most predictive, most heritable mental trait ever discovered in psychology. Whether measured with formal IQ tests or assessed through informal conversations and observations, intelligence predicts objective performance and learning ability across all important life-domains that show reliable individual differences” [2].

The crux of my new understanding is that IQ, and to a lesser but important extent personality traits, are highly predictive of educational attainment. This is a very old finding, and scientifically uncontroversial – but the implications have still not been acknowledged.

Since IQ is very substantially inherited with a true heritability of about 80% [7], [8], [9] and [10] and personality too has about a 50% heritability [11] and [12]; and since both IQ and personality rankings are highly stable throughout a persons adult life [13] (it is, for example, very difficult for educational interventions to have any significant and lasting effect on underlying IQ [1]) – then this implies that differential educational attainment within societies is mostly determined by heredity and therefore not by differences in educational experience.

(The other big factor which influences attainment is of course the large element of chance – which affects individuals unpredictably. However, chance is not completely random, in the sense that many outcomes such as accidental injuries and a range of illnesses are also correlated with IQ and personality [14]).

When full account has been taken of IQ and personality (and the measured effects of IQ and personality have been increased to take account of the inevitable imprecision of IQ measurements and the even greater difficulties of determining personality), and when the presumed effects of chance have also been subtracted – then there is not much variation of outcomes left-over within which educational differences could have an effect. Of course there will be some systemic effect of educational differences, but the effect is likely to be very much smaller than generally assumed, and even the direction of the education effect may be hard to detect when other more powerful factors are operative [1].

I found the fact that differences in educational attainment within a society are mostly due to heredity to be a stunning conclusion, which effectively demolished most of what I believed about education. My understanding of what education was doing was radically reshaped, and my beliefs about the justifiable duration and proper focus of the system of formal education were transformed. I began to realize that the educational system in modern societies was operating under false pretences. It seems that current educational systems are barely ‘fit for purpose’ and (lacking a proper understanding of IQ) are in many instances progressively getting worse rather than better.

In sum, education is more about selection than enhancement, and educational qualifications mostly serve to ‘signal’ or quantify a person’s hereditary attributes [15] – especially IQ and personality. Differential educational experience does not seem to have much of a systemic effect on people’s ability to think or work.

To put it another way – education mostly functions as an extremely slow, inefficient and imprecise form of psychometric testing. And because this fact is poorly understood, those aspects of modern education which are not psychometric are consequently neglected and misdirected.

Policy implications of psychometrics

If psychometric measures of IQ and personality were available, then it would be easy to construct a modern educational system that was both more efficient and more effective than the current one. However, such change would result in a massive down-sizing of the educational system – with substantial and permanent loss of jobs and status for educational professionals of all types including teachers, professors, administrators and managers.

According to Geoffrey Miller’s analysis [2], this impact on educational professionals is likely to be a key underlying reason why IQ has become a taboo subject, and why the basic facts of IQ have been so effectively obfuscated. Miller notes that it is the ultra-elite, most-selective and heavily research-oriented universities which are the focus of IQ resistance. At the same time more functionally-orientated institutions, such as the United States military, have for many decades quietly been using IQ as a tool to assist with selection and training allocations [16].

“Is it an accident that researchers at the most expensive, elite, IQ-screening universities tend to be most sceptical of IQ tests? I think not. Universities offer a costly, slow, unreliable intelligence-indicating product that competes directly with cheap, fast, more-reliable IQ tests. (…) Harvard and Yale sell nicely printed sheets of paper called degrees that cost about $160,000 (…). To obtain the degree, one must demonstrate a decent level of Conscientiousness, emotional stability, and openness in one’s coursework, but above all, one must have the intelligence to get admitted, based on SAT scores and high school grades. Thus the Harvard degree is basically an IQ guarantee”.

“Elite universities do not want to be undercut by competitors. They do not want their expensive IQ-warranties to suffer competition from cheap, fast IQ tests which would commodify the intelligence-display market and drive down costs. Therefore, elite universities have a hypocritical, love-hate relationship with intelligence tests”.

The vulnerability of the elite institutions to IQ knowledge is because most of the assumed advantages of an expensive elite education can be ascribed to their historic ability to select the top stratum of IQ (and also the most desirable personality types): given the stability and predictive power of these traits the elite students are therefore pre-determined to be (on average) highly successful.

Consequently the most elite institutions and their graduates have in the past few decades, both via academic publications and in the mass media, thoroughly obscured the basic and validated facts about IQ. We now have a situation where the high predictive powers of IQ and personality and the stable and hereditary nature of these traits are routinely concealed, confused or (in extremis) explicitly denied by some of the most prestigious and best-educated members of modern society [17].


Four mistaken beliefs resulting from my lack of IQ knowledge

I will summarize under four heading my main pre-IQ errors regarding education.

Mistaken belief number 1: Modern formal education should be directed primarily at inculcating the ability to think abstractly and systematically [3].

Revision: Modern formal education should be directed primarily at inculcating specific knowledge content.

Abstract systematic thinking is exceptionally important in modern societies. And I used to believe that that abstract systematic thinking was mostly a product of formal education – indeed I regarded this as the main function of formal education [3]. But I now recognize that abstract systematic thinking is pretty close to a definition of IQ; and that strongly IQ related (or heavily ‘g-loaded’) educational outcomes – such as differentials in reading comprehension and mathematical ability – are very difficult/impossible to improve in a real and sustained fashion by educational interventions [1].

In other words, a person’s level of ability to think abstractly and systematically is mostly a biological given – and not a consequence of formal education. The implication is that formal education should not be focusing on trying to do what it cannot do – i.e. enhance IQ. Instead, formal education should focus on educational goals where is can make a difference: i.e. the teaching of specific knowledge [1].

Mistaken belief number 2: Structure not content of formal education is crucial [5].

Revision: Content not structure of education is crucial.

I used to think that it did not matter what subject was studied in formal education, so long as the method of education was one which nurtured abstract systematic thinking [3]. I believed that how we learned was more important than what we learned, because I believed that abstract systematic thinking was a result of formal education – and this cognitive ability was more important than any particular body of information which had been memorized.

This line of reasoning meant that I favoured ‘pick and mix’, wide choice and multi-disciplinary curricula as a method of improving motivation by allowing students to study what most interested them, and giving students practice in learning new material and applying systematic thinking in many knowledge domains [5].

The reason that I believed all this has been summarized by Geoffrey Miller:

“The highly selective credential with little relevant content [such as an elite college degree in any subject] often trumps the less-selective credential with very relevant content. Nor are such preferences irrational. General intelligence is such a powerful predictor of job performance that a content-free IQ guarantee can be much more valuable to an employer or graduate school than a set of rote-learned content with no IQ guarantee” [2].

Since IQ is such a powerful influence on educational (and other) outcomes [18], the value of specific educational content is therefore only apparent when IQ has been controlled-for. Since IQ is routinely ignored or denied, the value of educational content is not apparent in outcomes which are sensitive to differences in general intelligence.

Murray argues that variations in the structure and methods of education are not able significantly to influence those educational outcomes which are ‘g-loaded’ such as reading comprehension or mathematic reasoning [1]. Numerous attempts to raise real long-term intelligence (rather than merely raising specific test scores) have failed [19]. However, the subject matter being studied will (obviously!) make a big difference to what gets learned. Once we set aside the delusional goal of enhancing IQ by educational reform, then the subject matter – or curriculum – becomes a more important focus than educational structure and methods.

Charles Murray therefore endorses the approach to ‘Cultural Literacy’ or a core knowledge curriculum pioneered by Ed Hirsch (www.coreknowledge.org). This educational philosophy focuses on constructing a comprehensive curriculum of the factual material that people should know, or ‘need to know’. Over the past couple of decades some detailed and well-validated programmes of study have been developed for the USA, and these can be purchased by educational institutions and also home-schooling parents.

It is claimed that such a core knowledge curriculum should enable the student to become a citizen participating at the highest possible social level, and that a shared education in core knowledge should hold society together with a stronger ‘cultural glue’. If such benefits are real, then school, especially between the ages of about 6 and 14, is the best place to follow such a program; since, although the core curriculum involves more than mere memorization, nonetheless memorization is an important element – and young children can memorize information much more easily and lastingly than adults [1].

Understanding IQ has therefore provoked me into a U-turn on the matter of curricula. I now believe that what we learn in formal education is more important than how we learn, because what we learn can have a lasting effect on what we know; while how we learn does not, after all, teach us how to think.

Mistaken belief number 3: A major aim of social reform should be to include as many people as possible in formal education for as long as possible. Ever-more people should get ever-more education for the foreseeable future [6].

Revision: The system of formal education is hugely over-expanded and should be substantially reduced (to considerably less than half its current size). The average person should receive fewer years of formal education, fewer people should attend higher education institutions and do fewer bachelor’s degrees, and those in higher education should – on average – complete the process in fewer years.

The proportion of school leavers entering higher education in the UK has at least trebled over the past three decades, from around 15% to more than 45%. The rationale behind this vast expansion was based on the observation of higher all-round performance among college graduates – better performance in jobs, and also a wide range of other good outcomes including improved health and happiness [6].

However, it turns out that almost all of this differential in behaviours can be explained in terms of selection for (mostly hereditary) intelligence, rather than these improvements being something added to individuals by their educational experience. The main extra information provided by the successful completion of prolonged educational programs (i.e. extra in addition to signalling IQ) is that educational certification provides a broadly-reliable signal of a highly-Conscientious personality.

Miller has neatly described this trait: “Conscientiousness is the Big Five personality trait that includes such characteristics as integrity, reliability, predictability, consistency, and punctuality. It predicts respect for social norms and responsibilities, and the likelihood of fulfilling promises and contracts. A century ago, people would have called it character, principle, honor, or moral fiber. (…) Conscientiousness is lower on average in juveniles, and it matures slowly with age” [2].

Other attributes of a highly-Conscientious personality are self-discipline, perseverance and long-termism [20].

But a person’s degree of Conscientiousness is not a product of their educational experience; rather it is a mostly-inherited psychological attribute which develops throughout life, the relative (or differential) possession of which is stable throughout life [13]. In other words, Conscientiousness is (mostly) an innate ability in a similar sense to intelligence – and similarly difficult to influence by educational means.

It turns out that modern formal education is mainly signalling [15], or providing indirect evidence about, a person’s IQ and personality abilities which they have mostly inherited [1] and [2]. This means that imposing an ever-increasing number of years of formal education for an ever-increasing proportion of the population is ever-increasingly inefficient – and is wasting years of people’s lives, wasting vast amounts of money on the education provision, and imposing huge economic and social ‘opportunity costs’ by forcing people to remain in formal education when their time would often be better spent doing something else (for example something economically-productive or something more personally-fulfilling).

Mistaken belief number 4: Higher education should be regarded as a general, non-vocational process, in which most degrees are modular and multi-disciplinary; and where specialization or vocational preparation should be a relatively brief and ‘last-minute’ training at the end of a long process of education [3], [5] and [6].

Revision: The period of general education should not extend much beyond about 16 (the approximate age of IQ maturity), and this general education should be focused on the basic skills of literacy and numeracy together with a core knowledge curriculum.

At the age of about 16 each person could potentially leave school with a set of knowledge-based examination results demonstrating their level of competence in a core knowledge curriculum; and with usefully precise and valid psychometric measurements of their general intelligence and personality (especially their age ranked degree of Conscientiousness). The combination of psychometric measures of IQ and Conscientiousness would serve the same kind of function as educational evaluations do at present, providing a basis for employment selection or valid predictions to guide the allocation of access to further levels of formal education.

Beyond this I believe that most education should be ‘functional’ or vocational, in the sense of being a relatively-focused training in the knowledge and skills required to do something specific. This functional post-sixteen formal higher education could vary in duration from weeks or months (for semi-skilled jobs) to several years (for access to the starting level of the most highly skilled and knowledge-intensive professions such as architecture, engineering, medicine or law).

But when IQ and personality measurements are available, then the majority of ‘white collar’ jobs – jobs such as management, administration, or school teaching (up to the age of about 16) – would no longer require a college degree. Instead specific knowledge-based training would be provided ‘on the job’, presumably by the traditional mixture of a formally-structured curriculum for imparting the core knowledge and systematic elements with apprenticeship and individual instruction in order to impart specialized skills.

Murray also suggests that much specialist educational certification for careers could in principle be better done by rigorous public examinations such as those for accountancy, than by the medium of minimum-duration college degrees [1].

Measuring personality

The main unsolved problem for this psychometric approach is the evaluation of personality. Most of the current evidence for the predictive and explanatory power of personality comes from self-rating questionnaires, and clearly these would not be suitable for educational and job evaluations since it is facile to learn the responses which would lead to a high rating for Conscientiousness.

Rather than being simply asserted in a questionnaire, a Conscientious, persevering, self-disciplined personality requires to be demonstrated in actual practice. The modern educational system has, inadvertently, evolved in the direction of requiring higher levels of Conscientiousness [20]. The main factor in this evolution has been the progressive lengthening of the educational process (in the UK the modal average age for leaving formal education has increased from 16 to about 21 in the space of 30 years), but educational evaluations have also become less IQ-orientated (less g-loaded) and more dependent upon the ability of students frequently and punctually to complete neat and regular course work assignments [20] and [21].

However, the modern educational system is not explicitly aware that it is measuring Conscientiousness – the changes have been an accidental by-product of other trends, and there was not a deliberate attempt to enhance Conscientiousness-selectivity as a matter of policy. Because the educational system is blind to the consequences of its own actions, there are counter-pressures to make course work easier and more-interesting and to offer more choices – when in fact it would be a more efficient and accurate measure of Conscientiousness to have students complete compulsory, dull and irrelevant tasks which required a great deal of toil and effort!

However, it may be socially-preferable to have students prove their Conscientiousness in the realm of economic employment rather than by setting them pointless and grinding work in a formal educational context. There are plenty of dull and demanding but necessary jobs, the successful and sufficiently-prolonged accomplishment of which could serve as a valid and accurate reliable signal of Conscientiousness. So it would be more useful for people to prove their level of Conscientiousness in the arena of paid work, than by having this measurement task done by formal educational institutions.

An alternative suggestion for evaluating Conscientiousness comes from Geoffrey Miller, who advocates using broad surveys of opinion from families, peers, employers or any reliable and informed person who is in prolonged social contact with the subject [2].

Conclusions

I have previously written about the extraordinary way in which knowledge of IQ in particular, and psychometrics in general, is ‘hidden in plain sight’ in modern culture [17]. The basic facts about IQ are accessible, abundant and convincing for those who take the trouble to look; but modern mainstream intellectual culture has for around half a decade ‘immunized’ most educated people against looking-at or learning about IQ by multiple forms of misinformation and denigration [22] and [23].

The recent books of Murray and Miller marshal more strongly than before the evidence that one major reason for its taboo status is that IQ knowledge has extremely damaging implications for the vast and expanding system of formal education which employs many intellectuals directly, and which provides almost all other intellectuals with the credentials upon which their status and employability depend. Miller’s phrase is worth repeating: “they do not want their expensive IQ-warranties to suffer competition from cheap, fast IQ tests which would commodify the intelligence-display market and drive down costs” [2].

Murray argues that a properly-demanding 4 year, general and core knowledge-based, ‘liberal arts’ degree would be valuable as a pre-specialization education for the high IQ intellectual elite [1]. Perhaps because I am a product of the (now disappeared) traditional English system of early educational specialization, I am unconvinced about the systematic benefits of general education at a college level. I suspect that the most efficient pattern of higher education would be to specialize at age 16 (or earlier for the highest IQ individuals) on completion of the standard core knowledge program; and that liberal arts should mainly be seen as an avocation (done for reasons of personal fulfilment) rather than a vocation (done as a job).

In other words, a liberal arts education beyond core knowledge could, and perhaps should, be optional and provided by the market, rather than being included in the educational ‘system’. For example, in the UK such an education is universally available without any residential requirement at a reasonable price and high quality via the Open University (www3.open.ac.uk/about).

But in a system where objective IQ and personality evaluations were available as signals of aptitude, it could be left to ‘the market’ to decide whether the possession of a rigorous 4 year general liberal arts degree opened more doors; or attracted any extra premium of status, salary or conditions compared with a specialized, early vocational degree such as medicine, law, architecture, engineering, or one of the sciences. (There would presumably also be some specialist arts and humanities degrees, mainly vocationally-orientated towards training high-level school and college teachers – as was the traditional English practice until about 40 years ago [3].)

In summary, modern societies are currently vastly over-provided with formal education, and this education has the wrong emphasis. In particular, the job of sorting people by their general aptitude could be done more accurately, cheaply and quickly by using psychometrics to measure IQ and Conscientiousness. This would free-up time and energy for early training in key skills such as reading, writing and mathematics; and to focus on a core knowledge curriculum.

However, for reasons related to self-interest, the intellectual class do not want people to know the basic facts about IQ; and since the intellectual class provide the information upon which the rest of society depends for their understanding – consequently most people do not know the basic facts about IQ. And lacking knowledge of IQ, people are not able to understand the education system and what it actually does.

I can point to myself as a prime example of the way in which ignorance of IQ leads to a distorted understanding of education. Before I knew about the basic facts of IQ, I had articulated what seemed to be a rational and coherent set of beliefs about education. But since discovering the facts about IQ several of my convictions have undergone what amounts to a U-turn.



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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 19:31:43 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 18:53:42 2011.

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I have reservations about teaching to the test, namely that it distracts from other useful subjects based on a ridiculous premise. That said, I don't have a problem with testing per se—I do have a problem of making testing king. Testing should be used as only an information-gathering device and not something that has consequences as it does now (holding school districts responsible for the quality of students they're given). I don't believe educational curricula should be identical, however a certain level of standardization (the "Three Rs" for example) should be in play.

I agree with this 100%; I'll add that other disciplines, such as music and the arts, shouldn't be written off - and neither should after-school programs in the same.

I will say that this is an IQ thing. What you describe here is the difference between smart students and dumb ones.

Not surprising, but I must ask: is there correlation between a student's motivation and IQ? I ask because I find - both for students and for myself - that interest in or passion for a subject leads to one working harder and more diligently on said subject.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 20:06:46 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 18:06:43 2011.

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I don't think there are actually studies into 'the level Belgians having lived in the U.S. for a few years have when they come back', so no 'statistics' or any of that. Plenty of personal experience though. Being a high school teacher here, I've had quite a few students in that situation, and every single one faced the same problem. No exceptions. When I was in my senior year of high school, I went on an exchange with the U.S., and got a chance to visit and take some classes in a U.S. high school, and noticed the same thing: the seniors there were an average of 1 - 2 years behind on us.

I realise that's all 'anecdotal', but I know quite a few people who have had the same experience in the U.S., and colleages, also from other schools, all confirm that in their schools too, students coming back from the U.S. face the same problems.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by AMoreira81 on Thu Jul 7 20:13:23 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Dan on Thu Jul 7 12:06:51 2011.

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The DC schools are also encountering what could be a very similar scandal, with Michelle Rhee now appearing having to have resigned under a cloud of suspicion.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 20:34:43 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 20:06:46 2011.

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If that's true, then it's really not significant and here's why: Since, as an all-white country, Belgium has a higher average IQ than does the U.S., and as such the curricula there can be more demanding than it is here in the States. Even in white school districts in the States, the curriculum could be dumbed-down compared to European and East Asian ones.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Easy on Thu Jul 7 20:43:26 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 17:37:44 2011.

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It's not just Belgium, it's the same for exchange students from many countries. Many foreign exchange students that come to the US don't even get to count their year here towards graduation because they are often studying material that they learned in their home country a year or more earlier.

And if these kids are the sons of diplomats I can't imagine what city they would have been in where the schools didn't have lots of minorities unless they were living in the suburbs or went to private school. Almost any city in the US of any sizable population will have a significant number of minorities in their local schools and minorities will often be the majority.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by AMoreira81 on Thu Jul 7 20:49:32 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Easy on Thu Jul 7 20:43:26 2011.

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Might this be a by-product of private schools being allowed to pick their enrollment, often leaving public schools with the leftovers?

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 20:55:55 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Easy on Thu Jul 7 20:43:26 2011.

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I can't imagine what city they would have been in where the schools didn't have lots of minorities unless they were living in the suburbs or went to private school. Almost any city in the US of any sizable population will have a significant number of minorities in their local schools and minorities will often be the majority.

That's not exactly true of Northwestern cities. San Francisco, Portland, OR, and Seattle all have black populations less than 8% and Hispanic populations not much greater. Unless you're counting Asians, and as Luch would point out, when we're talking about minorities we don't mean them...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 20:57:53 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by AMoreira81 on Thu Jul 7 20:49:32 2011.

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And the cost, which also selects for affluent (hence high-IQ) parents, and hence high-IQ children.

Nothing in education makes sense without talking about IQ.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Easy on Thu Jul 7 21:05:50 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 20:55:55 2011.

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Portland schools are 28% black and Hispanic. Seattle's are 33% black and Hispanic. San Francisco's are 33%. Not a majority, but not insignificant. But I guess small enough that there are more majority white schools than most cities.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 21:31:01 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 19:31:43 2011.

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Not surprising, but I must ask: is there correlation between a student's motivation and IQ? I ask because I find - both for students and for myself - that interest in or passion for a subject leads to one working harder and more diligently on said subject.

I have read a study that showed that all motivation can be explained by IQ. I've read another that showed that other factors, like the ability to delay gratification, correlate better with grades than IQ (though this was in students at a gifted school where the range of IQ was restricted). The bottom line is that school (and work and life performance) depends not just on IQ but on personality traits, most importantly conscientiousness. Conscientiousness is correlated with IQ, and as the article I posted explains, what modern education is primarily doing is selecting for high-IQ, conscientious, non-neurotic students (although neuroticism is also correlated with IQ, positive effects of higher conscientiousness often outweighs it).

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 21:45:53 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by AMoreira81 on Thu Jul 7 20:13:23 2011.

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Surprise, surprise...

I can't wait until all this education nonsense (NCLB, Race to the Top, etc...) unravels. The only problem is that it won't be pretty when it does...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by SMAZ on Thu Jul 7 23:41:41 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 17:03:47 2011.

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I'm familiar with the method having gone to European schools, however while it offers a much higher level of knowledge to the average student than the American system, it is also rift with too much individual teacher subjectivity who can play favorites as well as inconsistency when applying his/her own standards and it is easily manipulated by cunning students.

I would often get very good grades by simply bullshitting my way through tests and oral examinations because I could apply my own methods by adopting to different teachers simply by observing them.

Other students who studied much harder than I did would fare worse because they lacked these kinds of skills and were also often timid which could give the impression of them not knowing the subject matter.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by SMAZ on Thu Jul 7 23:57:35 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 20:34:43 2011.

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Everything he's said is true.

Take it from someone who knows and has attended both systems.

American high schools are easy.

To put it in perspective (and this is the first time I am saying this here), after 4th grade I went to Italian schools, was an above-average student (but nothing special) and had little or no access to things American (ahhh...the pre-Internet days).

I came back here for the summer on vacation (planning to return to Italy to finish school) after my third year of HS.
I took the GED on a whim just to see where I was, and MAXED it.

needless to say I stayed and went straight to college that fall so that I could join the Army.

My first semester I took four classes and got three As and a B.

This after having only gone though 4th grade in America and as I said not reading, listening or speaking English with hardly anyone except when I use to visit here or viceversa, some American relatives of mine would visit us in Italy.

In Italian schools I was just the equivalent of an A and B student like so many others.
Here I was suddenly some kind of genius.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Concourse Express on Fri Jul 8 01:06:55 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 21:31:01 2011.

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Interesting. Out of curiosity, do you have links to these studies you mentioned? I'd certainly like a look at the data and analyses...

...also, I finished reading that article you posted; it's quite a detailed, interesting read. There are several parts of the article that I will respond to in due time; it's pretty late now and I've not the time to look through the data I'm gathering in preparing to make my points without sacrificing sleep. (I've already sacrificed plenty of that in the course of attaining my Master of Engineering degree, completed over a month ago!)

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by SelkirkTMO on Fri Jul 8 01:07:55 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Fri Jul 8 01:06:55 2011.

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Engineering? Cool! What branch? We'll have to get into that sometime. :)

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Charles G on Fri Jul 8 03:44:40 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 21:45:53 2011.

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Surprise, surprise...

I can't wait until all this education nonsense (NCLB, Race to the Top, etc...) unravels. The only problem is that it won't be pretty when it does...


No, the problem is that is wasn't pretty before it started and has remained "not pretty" but just in a different way.

I can appreciate those such as the OP who lament "teaching to the test", but haven't seen anyone present a better mouse trap. What we had before -- tenured teachers who essentially blamed their students and passed them to the next grade -- wasn't working at all.

How does one measure student performance without testing? How does one measure teacher/school/administrator performance without testing?

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Charles G on Fri Jul 8 03:57:31 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 20:06:46 2011.

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Here in Switzerland, the basic education early on (through about age 11 or 12) seriously lags the US system. Essentially it's languages and some mathematics with a ton of fluff. It has been painful watching my kids be bored out of their skulls for 7 hours a day...

During the equivalent of 6th grade, kids can take a placement exam for the Gymnasium (which, despite the name is the top academic placement). Only about 20% of the Swiss make it into Gymnasium -- but the education suddenly becomes far more intense and pretty quickly shoots past anything learned in an American middle or high school...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by salaamallah@hotmail.com on Fri Jul 8 03:58:33 2011, in response to ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Concourse Express on Thu Jul 7 01:55:11 2011.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by SelkirkTMO on Fri Jul 8 04:12:08 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Charles G on Fri Jul 8 03:44:40 2011.

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A good start would be eliminating multiple choice and going back to practicals and essays. Problem there is that it requires a considerably larger amount of "grading time" for the teachers. I say give it to them. When tests are reduced to guessing from a quantity of four answers and the odds favor "b" then the tests are defective right there and what we're educating is a nation of future gamblers.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Charles G on Fri Jul 8 06:35:56 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by SelkirkTMO on Fri Jul 8 04:12:08 2011.

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Yeah, but...

If you move to practicals and essays, you get the fox guarding the henhouse scenario. It would be easy to put pressure on Atlanta teachers to give full credit for a crappy essay -- a whole lot easier (I'd assume and hope) than it was to get them to actually erase answer sheets and fill in correct answers.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 07:05:43 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Thu Jul 7 20:34:43 2011.

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"Since, as an all-white country, Belgium"

LOL! God, you're clueless...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 07:16:48 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Easy on Thu Jul 7 20:43:26 2011.

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"And if these kids are the sons of diplomats I can't imagine what city they would have been in where the schools didn't have lots of minorities unless they were living in the suburbs or went to private school"

Most of them lived in the suburbs. Due to the insane system where in many parts of the U.S. you have no choice but to go to the public school you're 'zoned' in, quite a few of them chose their home based on the performance of the schools they'd be attending.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Easy on Fri Jul 8 09:56:42 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 07:16:48 2011.

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That makes sense.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Fri Jul 8 12:39:57 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Charles G on Fri Jul 8 03:44:40 2011.

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I can appreciate those such as the OP who lament "teaching to the test", but haven't seen anyone present a better mouse trap. What we had before -- tenured teachers who essentially blamed their students and passed them to the next grade -- wasn't working at all.

The problem is ultimately not teaching to test or any rubbish like that (although that's an unfortunate consequence). The real problem is the foolhardy attempt to bring people of color up to speed (i.e., up to white levels), which isn't possible through education.

It is foolish to hold teachers accountable for the cognitive ability of their students.

See here for some more on the faulty mission of education in general.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Fri Jul 8 12:40:55 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by SelkirkTMO on Fri Jul 8 04:12:08 2011.

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In either case, we're measuring the students, and blaming the teachers...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Fri Jul 8 13:36:37 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 07:05:43 2011.

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According to Wikipedia, only 8.6% of Belgium's population is of non-European ancestry. While that's probably larger than most European counties, it is far smaller than the U.S.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Fri Jul 8 13:38:10 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 07:16:48 2011.

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Most of them lived in the suburbs. Due to the insane system where in many parts of the U.S. you have no choice but to go to the public school you're 'zoned' in, quite a few of them chose their home based on the performance of the schools they'd be attending.

That sounds like many if not most reasonably affluent Americans...

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 14:04:26 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Fri Jul 8 13:36:37 2011.

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If we're going to quote wikipedia, that same wikipedia says the average IQ for Americans is 98, and 100 for Belgians. That's a very small difference, and not nearly enough to explain the difference in high school education levels.

Trying to pin it all on race is, quite frankly, ridiculous.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by JayMan on Fri Jul 8 14:32:44 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 14:04:26 2011.

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The average IQ of WHITE Americans is 100 (give or take one or two points depending on if the score is normalized to the American or British mean). Indeed, this is the definition of the IQ score. The average IQ of the country as a whole is a bit closer to 93. Because we have a significanty duller population, the rigor of American education typically pales in comparison to Europe and East Asia.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by The Flxible Neofan on Fri Jul 8 14:42:49 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 14:04:26 2011.

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Trying to pin it all on race is, quite frankly, ridiculous.

I agree.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by LuchAAA on Fri Jul 8 14:45:31 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by The Flxible Neofan on Fri Jul 8 14:42:49 2011.

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You don't understand what JayMan is saying. He's talking about averages and that's it. He's not talking racial superiority or anything like that.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by The Flxible Neofan on Fri Jul 8 14:45:56 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by Scorpio7 on Thu Jul 7 20:06:46 2011.

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I've heard something like that in regards to Jamaica...but particularly with post-secondary education.

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by The Flxible Neofan on Fri Jul 8 14:54:22 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by LuchAAA on Fri Jul 8 14:45:31 2011.

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He's not talking racial superiority or anything like that.

How can his constant references to such "averages" to make points about the substandard quality of education in certain areas possibly not be interpreted as such?

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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by LuchAAA on Fri Jul 8 14:56:57 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by The Flxible Neofan on Fri Jul 8 14:54:22 2011.

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How can his constant references to such "averages" to make points about the substandard quality of education in certain areas possibly not be interpreted as such?

It's something that fascinates him and gives him a better understanding of the world.



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Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta

Posted by Scorpio7 on Fri Jul 8 15:06:59 2011, in response to Re: ARTICLE: America's biggest teacher and principal cheating scandal unfolds in Atlanta, posted by JayMan on Fri Jul 8 14:32:44 2011.

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"The average IQ of the country as a whole is a bit closer to 93."

Source?

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